Biddle family papers

The Biddle family papers preserve almost two hundred years of material related to this prominent Philadelphia family. William Biddle (1630–1712) and Sarah Kemp (1634–1709), were Quakers who emigrated to America from England in 1681 to escape religious persecution. They settled in Mount Hope, New Jersey, with their children, William and Sarah, the only two out of five to survive past infancy.

William Biddle II (1669–1743) married Lydia Wardell of Shrewsbury, New Jersey, and together they had six children (see genealogical chart 1). Their first child, William (1698–1756), married Mary Scull (1709–1790) and together they had ten children, eight of whom survived past infancy. William Biddle relocated his family to Philadelphia, where the family still continues to prosper. The descendants of William Biddle and Mary Scull comprise the first major branch of the Philadelphia Biddles, and their collected papers are housed in Series I.

James Biddle (1731–1797) was the first child of William and Mary Biddle (see genealogical chart 1). On June 30, 1753, James Biddle married Frances Marks and together they had five children. He received an education in Law from John Ross of Philadelphia, and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1765. He practiced in Berks, Lancaster, and Northampton counties of Pennsylvania before returning to Philadelphia to become Deputy Prothonotary, and later Deputy Judge of Admiralty under King George III. In December 1776, he resumed his legal practice in Reading, Pennsylvania, but returned to Philadelphia in 1788 to become Prothonotary of the Philadelphia courts. In 1791 James Biddle was made President Judge of the First Judicial District, a position which he held until his death in 1797.

Charles Biddle (1745–1821) was the fifth child of William and Mary Biddle, and the brother of James Biddle (see genealogical chart 1). At an early age he was apprenticed to the Philadelphia merchant William Ball, but left after three years to pursue a seafaring life. His first voyage sailed for Spain in 1763, and later to the West Indies. Responding to rising tensions with the British in January 1776, he joined Captain Cowperwaite’s company of Quaker Light Infantry, in which he served until August 1776. He captained many ships during the Revolution and was a British prisoner-of-war on two separate occasions. In 1778, he married Hannah Shepard of Beaufort, North Carolina, and together they had ten children. In 1778, he was elected to the General Assembly of North Carolina. However, on June 1, 1780 he relocated to Philadelphia and resided in Pennsylvania until his death. In October 1774, he was elected a member of the Supreme Executive Council, and a year later was elected to the Vice-Presidency under Benjamin Franklin’s Presidential tenure. Franklin, largely engaged with other matters, appointed Charles Biddle as acting Chief Executive of the State of Pennsylvania. In 1787, he was elected to the Pennsylvania Legislature, an office which he did not assume as he was appointed at the same time to Clerk of the Supreme Executive Council. In 1791, he was commissioned Prothonotary of the Common Pleas Court of Philadelphia and served until 1809. Charles Biddle was elected to the State Senate of Pennsylvania in 1809, and served for several terms. He was also an original member of the Society of Cincinnati, and served as treasurer in 1811. His autobiography, Autobiography of Charles Biddle, Vice President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, 1745–1821, was published by E. Claxton and Company of Philadelphia in 1883.

William Shepard Biddle (1781–1835) was the first child of Charles and Hannah Biddle (see genealogical chart 1). William entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1794 and graduated with the class of 1797. He studied law and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1801, eventually becoming one of its most distinguished members. He served as director of the Law Library Company of Philadelphia from 1809–1815. He first married Circe Deroncera [or Deroneray], and later married Elizabeth B. Keating, daughter of the honorable Joseph Hopkinson.

Nicholas Biddle (1786–1844) was the fourth son of Charles and Hannah Biddle (see genealogical chart 1). A child prodigy, he entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1796 at the age of ten, but was not allowed to receive his degree when he was thirteen on account of his age. He went on to study at the College of New Jersey at Princeton, where he graduated in 1801 as valedictorian. He was an early contributor to Joseph Dennie’s weekly Port Folio. Nicholas Biddle also devoted his time to the study of law, perhaps under his elder brother William S. Biddle (1781–1835). He served as Secretary to General John Armstrong, U.S. minister to France, and attended the coronation of Napoleon in 1804. Nicholas Biddle later served as Secretary to James Monroe, then Minister to England, until 1807. Upon returning to Philadelphia, he continued to study law and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1809. He served as a trustee to the University of Pennsylvania from 1818 until his death in 1844. In 1811, Nicholas Biddle married Jane M. Craig (b. 1792) and together they had six children (see genealogical chart 2).

Craig Biddle (1823–after 1907) was the third child of Nicholas and Jane Biddle (see genealogical chart 2). He was educated at the College of New Jersey at Princeton, graduating in 1841. He went on to study law in Philadelphia and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1844. In 1875, he was appointed Judge of Common Pleas Court of Philadelphia, and served in this capacity until his resignation in 1907. He was then appointed Prothonotary of Courts of Philadelphia, but died within a year of assuming the position.

Charles Biddle (fl. 1880–1912) was the grandson of Nicholas Biddle and son of the lawyer and journalist, Charles John Biddle (1819–1873) and Emma Mather (see genealogical chart 2). He was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1880. In 1907, he was a partner in the lawfirm Biddle Ward, but by 1908, he had moved to the firm of Biddle, Paul, Miller, and Jayne. In 1912, he served as an appellant attorney with John G. Johnson (1841–1917) in arguing a case before the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. He married Letitia Glenn, and together they had several children.

On June 27, 1916, he enlisted as a private in the First City Troop (E), First Pennsylvania Cavalry, Twenty-Eighth Division of the National Guard. One year later, he took an examination and recieved a commission as a captain in the United States Army Reserves. In 1920, he was again promoted to major. In 1921, he reenlisted in the Headquarters Troop, 52nd Cavalry Brigade of the First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry. He trained as a Reserve Officer and was promoted to corporal and then again to sergeant. His life-long service with the Army reserves earned him the rank of Brigidier General before his death.

In 1923, Nicholas Biddle established his own insurance brokerage firm, Biddle, Townsend, and Company. After forty-three years of substantial growth, Biddle, Townsend, and Company merged with the insurance brokerage firm of Haughton, Weymouth and Bishop, forming Biddle, Bishop, and Smith, Inc., of which he served as Chairman until his death in the late 1970s.

Nicholas Biddle’s wife, Sarah Lippincott, presumably inherited some of her family’s papers. These papers of the Wharton and Lippincott families are represented in Series II.

Joshua Ballinger Lippincott (1813–1886) was the only child of Jacob and Sarah (Ballinger) Lippincott. He was born in Juliustown, New Jersey, and there received a common-school education. He relocated to Philadelphia in 1827 and gained employment with a bookseller. J.B. Lippincott soon mastered the business and assumed its leadership at the age of 18 after his employer went bankrupt. In 1836, he started his own firm, J.B. Lippincott and Company, originally selling bibles, prayer books, and eventually, broader religious writings. In 1849, he purchased Grigg, Elliot, and Company, then the largest publishing house in Philadelphia. The firm reorganized and emerged as Lippincott, Grumbo, and Company in 1850. In 1855, partner Grumbo retired and the company name was changed back to J.B. Lippincott and Company. J.B Lippincott was recognized as the undisputed leader in the publishing field in Philadelphia.

He served on the boards of Jefferson Medical College and the University of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia Savings Fund Society, and served, as well, as the director of the Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting Annuities. He married Josephine Craige on October 16, 1845, and together they had four children.

Joshua Bertram Lippincott (1857–1940) was the only son of Joshua and Josephine Lippincott (see genealogical chart 3). He was born in Huntington Valley, Pennsylvania, and there attended the Episcopal Academy. He entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1878, but withdrew his freshman year to study the publishing business in London, England. Upon his return to Philadelphia, he joined J.B. Lippincott and Company, the family publishing business, in which he was made a full partner by 1884. Upon J. Ballinger’s death on January 5, 1886, J. Bertram assumed the presidency of the company and served in this capacity until his retirement in 1926, at which point he became chairman of the board.

J. Bertram Lippincott was a director of the Farmers and Mechanics National Bank, president of Philadelphia Veterinary Hospital, and director of the Philadelphia Board of Trade. He received an honorary A.B. in 1907 and an LL.D in 1935 from the University of Pennsylvania, where he served as a Trustee for several years. He also served as a director of both the American Philosophical Society and the Philadelphia Academy of Music. J. Bertram Lippincott married Joanna Wharton on April 22, 1885, and together they had four children.

The second major branch of the Biddle family descended from John Biddle (1707–1789), the sixth son of William Biddle (1669–1712) and Lydia Wardell. John Biddle married Sarah Owen in 1736.

William Biddle (1806–1887) was the sixth child of John Biddle (1763–1815) and Elizabeth Canby (d. 1832) (see genealogical chart 4). He received his early education at the Friends School and continued throughout his life to be an active member of the Society of Friends. In 1834, he was elected director of Public Schools in Philadelphia, and later assumed the position of Controller of Public Schools. In 1840, he became Manager of the Magdalen Asylum, and a director of Girard College. In 1849, he was elected to the board of managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital, and was elected its fifteenth president in 1872, a position which he held until his death.

Clement Biddle (1740–1814) was the second son of John and Sarah Biddle (see genealogical chart 4). He was born in Philadelphia and entered his father’s shipping and importing business at an early age. Business was interrupted by the onset of the Revolutionary War, when in 1765, Clement and his brother, Owen, signed the non-importation agreement and pursued patriotic activities in Philadelphia. In 1775, Clement Biddle helped to organize a Philadelphia volunteer regiment, the “Quaker Blues.” In July 1776, he was appointed deputy quartermaster-general by Congress, holding the rank of colonel. Clement participated in the battles of Trenton, Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth, and he served under both Washington and General Greene.

He retired from the military in 1780, and resumed his business as a merchant. In retirement, he was appointed to several military and governmental posts, including Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1788, and United States Marshal of Pennsylvania in 1789, a position to which he was appointed by George Washington. He married Mary Richardson, who died in 1773. They had one child, Francis R., who died in infancy. In 1774 Clement married Rebekah Cornell, with whom he had thirteen children.

Thomas A. Biddle (1776–1857) was the second child of Clement and Rebekah Biddle (see genealogical chart 5). He entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1788 and graduated with the class of 1791. In 1806, Thomas married Christine Williams (1780–1861). He served as a trustee to the University of Pennsylvania from 1837 until his death in 1857.

Clement Biddle (1810–1879) was the first child of Thomas A. and Christine Biddle (see genealogical chart 5). He attended the University of Pennsylvania where he graduated with the class of 1829. He was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1839, and spent the majority of his life practicing law. He was an author and poet, publishing Airdrie and fugitive pieces (1872) and Poems (1876).

William Lyman Biddle (1853–1920) was the grandchild of Thomas and Christine Biddle, and the son of Thomas Alexander Biddle (1814–1888) and his wife Julia Cox (see genealogical chart 5). William Lyman Biddle attended Dr. Faires’ Classical Institute and went on to study at St. Paul’s in Concord, New Hampshire. He entered the sophomore class of the University of Pennsylvania in 1871 and graduated in 1874. After two years in Europe he entered the New York firm of F.W. Gilly, Jr., & Company, where he served for two years. He then joined the firm of Thomas A. Biddle & Company, where he was made a partner and served until the end of his life. He was a member of the Rabbit Club, the Philadelphia Club, the Philadelphia Country Club, the Rittenhouse Club, the Racquet Club, the Corinthian Yacht Club, and the Sons of the Revolution.

Henry Jonathan Biddle (1817–1862) was the third child of Thomas A. Biddle (1776–1857) and Christine Williams (1780–1861) (see genealogical chart 5). He entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1830, and graduated with the class of 1834. He later attended the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He was elected to the First Troop of the Philadelphia City Calvary in 1848. During the Civil War, he was wounded at the Battle of Newmarket Crossroads on June 20, 1862, and taken prisoner. He later died of wounds sustained in Richmond, Virginia.

Alexander Biddle (1819–1899) was the fourth child of Thomas and Christine Biddle (see genealogical chart 5). He received his early education at the school of Seafs C. Walker in Philadelphia, entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1834, and was graduated in 1838. After graduation he served in the Philadelphia shipping firm of Bevan and Humphreys until 1842. In their firm he traveled to Australia, China, and Manila. In 1848 he entered the firm of his father, Thomas Biddle and Company, where he worked until the beginning of the Civil War. In 1849 he was elected to the first troop Philadelphia City Calvary in which he served until 1858. He entered military service during the Civil war on September 1, 1862, serving under Chapman Biddle in the 121st Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. He was involved in battles at Fredericksburg, Rappahannock, and Antietam, and specially distinguished at Gettysburg. After the War he retired from Thomas Biddle & Co., and in 1874 he was named a director of the Pennsylvania Railroad. He also served as a director in the Pennsylvania Company for Insurance on Lives and Granting Annuities, the Philadelphia Savings Fund Company, the Lehigh Navigation Company, and the Contributionship Insurance Company, among others. From 1869 he served on the Board of Directors of City Trusts. He was a director of the Pennsylvania Hospital. He was also an executor of the will of James Rush (1786–1869), and was instrumental in the erection of the Ridgway Library. In 1855 he married Julia Williams Rush (1833–1898), the daughter of Samuel Rush (1795–1859) and Anne Wilmer.

Julia Williams Rush (1833–1898) was the second child of Samuel Rush (last son of the famed Revolutionary Doctor Benjamin Rush) and Anne Wilmer. Julia Rush married Alexander Biddle in 1855 and together they had seven children (see genealogical charts 6 and 7). She spent many of her early years living with her aunt and uncle, Julia Rush Williams (1792–1860) and Henry J. Williams (1791–1879). Many of the Rush family papers were inherited by Julia Williams Rush and Alexander Biddle, and these in turn were passed to their children. From these family papers, Alexander Biddle published two volumes of Dr. Benjamin Rush’s letters in 1898. Alexander Biddle’s son, Louis Alexander Biddle, published another volume of Rush material in 1905. After the last of the children of Julia and Alexander Biddle had passed away, in 1943 many of the Rush family papers were sold at the Parke-Bernet Galleries in New York. A portrait of Julia Williams Rush Biddle, painted by Cecilia Beaux in 1897, is now in the Philadelphia Museum of Art (Gift of Horace Brock).

Alexander W. Biddle (b. 1856) was the first child of Alexander and Julia Biddle (see genealogical chart 6). He received his early education at Dr. Faires’ Classical Institute of Philadelphia and, like his father, attended the University of Pennsylvania. He entered in 1872, but left during his freshman year. He later obtained his medical degree from Jefferson College in 1879. He was elected to the first troop Philadelphia City Calvary in 1876. He was a member of the Philadelphia Club, the Sons of the Revolution, and the Philadelphia Cricket Club. He was named golf champion at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in 1898. He married Anne McKennan (1858–1937) and together they had five children.

Pauline Biddle (b. 1880) was the first child of Alexander W. and Anne Biddle (see genealogical chart 6). She married John Penn Brock in 1905. Christine A. Biddle (b. 1883) was the second child of Alexander W. and Anne Biddle (see genealogical chart 6). She married Edwin Fish and served in the Red Cross in France during the first World War. The other children of Alexander W. and Anne Biddle were Julia R. Biddle (b. 1886), Isabel Biddle (b. 1888), and Alexander Biddle (b. 1893) who married Margot Scull and later served in the U.S. Army during 1918–1919 (see genealogical chart 6).

Henry Rush Biddle (1858–1877) was the second child of Alexander and Julia Biddle (see genealogical chart 6). He received his early education at Dr. Faires’ Classical Institute of Philadelphia and went on to study at the University of Pennsylvania in 1873 but left during the same year. He later attended the College of New Jersey (Princeton) where he graduated in 1876.

Julia Biddle (1859–1885) was the third child and James Wilmer Biddle (1861–1927) was the fourth child of Alexander and Julia Biddle (see genealogical chart 6). J. Wilmer received his early education in Philadelphia and in Ossining, New York. In 1884, he entered the Philadelphia firm of Thomas A. Biddle, where he remained until 1891. He was an active sportsman, and Philadelphia socialite. He was elected to the First Troop Philadelphia City Calvary in 1889 and served during the Homestead riots near Pittsburgh in July 1892. He was a member of the Philadelphia Cricket Club, the Philadelphia Club, the Radnor Hunting Club, the Philadelphia Country Club, the Rittenhouse Club, and the Acorn Club. Traveling extensively, he spent numerous winters in Cannes, France. He was a denominational Episcopalian and politically, a Republican. J. Wilmer married twice, first to Cora Rowland (d. 1920), daughter of the Philadelphia manufacturer Howard Rowland, and with whom he had two children, Marianne (b. 1893) and Harriet (b. 1896). After Cora’s death, he married Elizabeth Southall Gordon on September 21, 1921. She was the daughter of realtor John Eldridge Clarke and widow of the Baltimore financier Douglas Huntly Gordon. J. Wilmer Biddle died in Baltimore on November 22, 1927.

Louis Alexander Biddle (b. 1863) was the fifth child of Alexander and Julia Biddle (see genealogical chart 6). Louis received his early education at Dr. Faires’ Classical Institute and at St. Paul’s in Concord, New Hampshire. He was graduated from Harvard University in 1884, and the University of Pennsylvania in 1887. Louis amassed a large collection of rare books, prints, and art, much of which was auctioned at a series of sales held in Philadelphia after his death. He was a member of a great many prominent Philadelphia clubs including the Rittenhouse Club, the Union League, the Philadelphia Country Club, the Radnor Hunting Club, the Sons of the Revolution, the Germantown Cricket club, the Philadelphia Cricket club, and the Racquet club. Louis married Rene H.A. Ducobu.

Mariamne Biddle (b. 1865) was the sixth child of Alexander and Julia Biddle (see genealogical chart 6). She was a member of the Acorn Club and the Philadelphia Cricket Club. Apparently a spinster, she resided in Chestnut Hill with her brothers Lynford and Louis.

Lynford Biddle (1871– ca. 1943) was the seventh child of Alexander and Julia Biddle (see genealogical chart 6). He attended Princeton University and then the University of Pennsylvania where he was graduated in 1895. By 1914, Lynford had become a member of many prominent Philadelphia clubs including the Philadelphia Club, the Germantown Cricket Club, the Philadelphia Cricket club, the Racquet Club, and the Philadelphia Country Club. By 1935 he had also joined the Rittenhouse Club, the Rabbit Club, the Sunnybrook Golf Club, the Loyal Legion, and the Sons of the Revolution. In 1898, Lynford was named best cricketer at the Philadelphia Cricket Club, and was the first tennis singles champion in 1904.

Jonathan Williams Biddle (1821–1856) was the fifth child of Thomas A. and Christine Biddle (see genealogical chart 5). He entered Dr. Faires’ Classical Institute in 1831, and went on to study at the University of Pennsylvania in 1835. He was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1842 and was married to Emily Meigs.

Clement Cornell Biddle (1784–1855) was the sixth child of Clement Biddle (1740–1814) and Rebekah Cornell (see genealogical chart 8). He married Mary Barclay in 1814. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1799–1804, and during the War of 1812 he served as Colonel to the first regiment of Volunteer Light Infantry. He was later the principal founder and director of the Philadelphia Savings Fund Society. He also served as Director and President of the Franklin Fire Insurance Company.

George Washington Biddle (1818–1879) was the second child of Clement Cornell Biddle and Mary Barclay (see genealogical chart 8). He graduated from Mount St. Mary’s College in Maryland. He studied law under his uncle James C. Biddle and John Cadwalader, and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1839. He served as a Common Councilman to Philadelphia, and was a member of the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention of 1873. George Washington Biddle married Mary McMurtrie, and together they had three children.

Algernon Sydney Biddle (1847–1891) was the second child of George Washington Biddle and Mary McMurtrie (see genealogical chart 8). He studied at Dr. Faires’ Classical Institute and was graduated from Yale in 1868. He later spent two semesters at the University of Berlin. He was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1872. In 1874, he became president of the Law Academy and later served as Secretary of the Law Association of Philadelphia. At various times he served as editor of the Weekly Notes of Cases, The Law and Equity Reporter, and The American Law Register. In 1887 he was appointed to a professorship at the University of Pennsylvania. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and the Rittenhouse Club. At his death his law library was combined with that of his father, and donated to the University of Pennsylvania to form the George and Algernon Sydney Biddle Law Library.

Francis Beverly Biddle (1886–1968) was the third child of Algernon and Frances Biddle (see genealogical chart 8). He was educated at Harvard, where he received a B.A. cum laude in 1909, and an LL.B cum laude in 1911. Upon graduation, he became the personal secretary of Associate Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes during the Supreme Court term of 1911–1912. In 1912, he returned to Philadelphia and entered the law firm of Biddle, Paul, and Jayne. Francis dispensed with the Republican traditions of his family and campaigned for Theodore Roosevelt and the Bull Moose Progressives. In 1918, he joined the law firm of Barnes, Biddle, and Myers, where he worked for two decades. In 1927, he published his only novel, Llanfear Pattern, which mocked the elite of Philadelphia society. With the onset of the Great Depression, Francis Biddle became consumed with the plight of the Pennsylvania coal miners and became politically active around the issue of labor relations. In 1934, he was appointed chairman of the newly created National Labor Relations Board, a post which he held for one year. In 1935, he returned to his private law practice, but was soon asked to serve as legal counsel for the Tennessee Valley Authority, which was being investigated by a special congressional committee on the charges of corruption. Biddle won the case for the TVA, and in 1940, he was appointed U.S. Solicitor General, as well as the head of Immigration and Naturalization Services. In 1941, Francis Biddle was appointed to the Supreme Court, where he served until the death of President Roosevelt in 1945. At the conclusion of World War II, President Truman appointed Francis Biddle as chief American representative at the Nuremberg trials.

Upon Francis Beverly Biddle’s retirement, he served as the chairman of Americans for Democratic Action from 1950–1953, and as the president of the American Civil Liberties Union. He married poet Katherine Garrison Chapin on April 27, 1918, and together they had two children.

Chapman Biddle (1822–1880) was the third child of Clement and Mary Biddle (see genealogical chart 8). He was married to Mary L. Cochran and was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1848. Chapman Biddle organized the 121st Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers and was wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg. After the war, he served as a lawyer in Philadelphia, and served as general counsel to the Pennsylvania Railroad.

Caldwell Keppelle Biddle (1829–1862), was the second child of James Cornell Biddle (1795–1838) and Sarah C. Keppelle (see genealogical chart 9). He received his early education at Dr. Faires’ Classical Institute which he entered in 1838. He attended the University of Pennsylvania and was valedictorian of the Class of 1846. In 1851, he traveled throughout Europe where he met the American sculptor Thomas Crawford (1813 or 1814–1857) in Rome. He was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1852 and served as Secretary to the Board of Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania from 1853–1862. He married widow Elizabeth Meade, daughter of Thomas Ricketts.

Caldwell Keppelle Biddle (1863–after 1903), son of Thomas Biddle (1827–1875) and Sarah F. White (see genealogical chart 9), was named after his uncle who died the year before his birth. Caldwell Keppelle Biddle was born in Rio de Janeiro during his father’s tenure as Secretary of the United States Legation to Brazil, under President Lincoln. He entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1880 and was graduated with the class of 1884. He served with the First Troop Philadelphia City Calvary during the Homestead riots during July 1892 near Pittsburgh. Rising to the rank of captain, he served in the Spanish-American War during 1898. He remained active in the Pennsylvania National Guard after 1900 and obtained the rank of Colonel in 1911.

The Alexander Biddle papers. 3 volumes. New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, 1943. Biddle, Chapman. The First day of the Battle of Gettysburg: an Address delivered before the Historical Society of Pennsylvania on the 8th of March, 1880. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott and Co., 1880. Biddle, Charles. Autobiography of Charles Biddle, Vice-President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, 1745–1821. Philadelphia: E. Claxton and Company, 1883. Biddle, Louis A. A Memorial containing travels through life or sundry incidents in the life of Dr. Benjamin Rush . . . as well as a short history of the Rush family in Pennsylvania. Lanoraie, Penn.: Published privately, 1905. Biddle, Nicholas, comp. Biddle anniversary: Celebrating the 250th Anniversary of the arrival in America of William and Sarah Kempe Biddle. Philadelphia: The Engle Press, 1932. Biddle, Nicholas. Military memoirs. Wynnewood, Penn.: Livingston Publishing Co., 1972. Biddle, Nicholas. Personal Memoirs: an autobiography including a personal history and accounts of various cruises and hunting expeditions. Bowden, Robert Douglas. Boies Penrose, Symbol of an Era. Freeport, New York: Books for Libraries Press, 1971. Cohen, Charles J. Memoir of Rev. John Wiley Faires, founder and principal of the Classical Institute, Philadelphia. Philadelphia: John C. Winston, 1926. Contosta, David R. A Philadelphia family: The Houstons and Woodwards of Chestnut Hill. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988. _______. Suburb in the city: Chestnut Hill Philadelphia, 1850–1990. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1992. Govan, Thomas Payne. Nicholas Biddle, nationalist and public banker, 1786–1844. Chicago: The University Of Chicago Press, 1959. Jordan, John W., ed. Colonial Families of Philadelphia. 2 volumes. New York: The Lewis Publishing Company, 1911. Lippincott, Horace Mather. A History of the Philadelphia Cricket Club, 1854 to 1954. S.l.: s.n., 1954. Heckscher, August. St. Paul’s: the Life of a New England school. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1980. Herrick, Cheesman A. History of Girard College. Philadelphia: Girard College, 1927. History of the 121st Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers by the Survivors’ Association. Philadelphia: Burke and McFeteridge, 1893. Loan exhibition of historical portraits, Dec. 1, 1887–Jan. 15, 1888, Catalogue. Second edition. Philadelphia: The Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 1887. Mackenzie, G.N., ed. Colonial families of the United States of America. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1966. McGraine, Reginald C. The Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle dealing with national affairs, 1807–1844. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1919. Old family letters copied from the originals for Alexander Biddle, series A. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1892. Old family letters related to the yellow fever, series B. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1892. Simpson, Henry. The Lives of eminent Philadelphians, now deceased. Philadelphia: William Brotherhead, 1859. Williams, Henry J. A brief account of the ancestors and descendants of Benjamin Rush, M.D. of the city of Philadelphia, 1869. Reprinted in Louis A. Biddle, A Memorial containing travels through life or sundry incidents in the life of Dr. Benjamin Rush . . . as well as a short history of the Rush family in Pennsylvania. Lanoraie, Penn.: Published privately, 1905.